Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Dynamic feedback BacGuard anchors microbial metabolism to host symbiosis in real-time ulcerative colitis therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.05.060

Figure Lengend Snippet: BacGuard promotes colon tissue repairment. a) Scheme of microbiota-dependent epithelial repair mechanism orchestrated by BacGuard. b) Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile alterations. n = 6. c) BacGuard-induced probiotic proliferation and d) quantitative results. n = 3. e) Immunofluorescence analysis of ILC3 (ROR γt + CD3 − cells) in colon tissue. f) Flow cytometric analysis of lamina propria lymphocytes (ROR γt + ). n = 3. g) Concentration of IL-22 in MNK-3 cells. n = 3. h) Representative PAS-staining (upper panel) and MUC-2 immunohistochemistry (lower panel) images of colon tissues. n = 5. ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: For the detection of IL-22 and LPS concentrations, the Mouse IL-22 Precoated ELISA Kit (DAKEWE, China) and Mouse LPS ELISA Kit (JONLNBIO, China) were employed correspondingly.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Concentration Assay, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH reduces IMQ-induced inflammatory responses and abnormal proliferation in mice. A Representative spleen images and spleen weight quantification. B Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Ki67 in skin lesions (left panel) and quantification of its AOD (right panel). C qRT-PCR analysis of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 mRNA expression in lesion skin tissues. D ELISA quantification of IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20 protein levels in lesion skin tissues. n = 6 (biological replicates). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. ** P < 0.01 vs. Control group; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH alters gut microbiota composition and function in IMQ-induced mice. A Random forest analysis ranking bacterial taxa based on their importance in group classification using the Gini index. B Relative abundances of the top-ranked taxa across different groups. C Pearson correlation analysis between significantly altered bacterial taxa and skin inflammatory cytokines, including IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Analysis

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut microbiota depletion attenuates the therapeutic effects of ZH against IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. A Schematic diagram of the experimental design for antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion and subsequent establishment of the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model. B Quantification of fecal bacterial abundance by qPCR to assess the efficacy of antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion. C Representative images of dorsal skin lesions in mice from the indicated groups. D PASI scores for scaling, erythema, thickness, and total scores. E Representative images of spleens (left) and quantification of spleen weight (right). F Representative images of H&E-stained dorsal skin sections (left) and quantification of epidermal thickness (right). G Representative immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 in dorsal skin lesions (left) and quantification of Ki67-positive cells (right). H Relative mRNA expression levels of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by qPCR. I Protein levels of IL-22, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by ELISA. For panels B, the Control and ABX groups each contained 12 mice before randomization; for panels C-I, mice were randomly allocated into four groups ( n = 6 per group): IMQ, IMQ + ABX, IMQ + M-ZH, and IMQ + M-ZH + ABX. Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + ABX group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + M-ZH group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH reduces IMQ-induced inflammatory responses and abnormal proliferation in mice. A Representative spleen images and spleen weight quantification. B Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Ki67 in skin lesions (left panel) and quantification of its AOD (right panel). C qRT-PCR analysis of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 mRNA expression in lesion skin tissues. D ELISA quantification of IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20 protein levels in lesion skin tissues. n = 6 (biological replicates). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. ** P < 0.01 vs. Control group; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH alters gut microbiota composition and function in IMQ-induced mice. A Random forest analysis ranking bacterial taxa based on their importance in group classification using the Gini index. B Relative abundances of the top-ranked taxa across different groups. C Pearson correlation analysis between significantly altered bacterial taxa and skin inflammatory cytokines, including IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Analysis

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut microbiota depletion attenuates the therapeutic effects of ZH against IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. A Schematic diagram of the experimental design for antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion and subsequent establishment of the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model. B Quantification of fecal bacterial abundance by qPCR to assess the efficacy of antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion. C Representative images of dorsal skin lesions in mice from the indicated groups. D PASI scores for scaling, erythema, thickness, and total scores. E Representative images of spleens (left) and quantification of spleen weight (right). F Representative images of H&E-stained dorsal skin sections (left) and quantification of epidermal thickness (right). G Representative immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 in dorsal skin lesions (left) and quantification of Ki67-positive cells (right). H Relative mRNA expression levels of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by qPCR. I Protein levels of IL-22, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by ELISA. For panels B, the Control and ABX groups each contained 12 mice before randomization; for panels C-I, mice were randomly allocated into four groups ( n = 6 per group): IMQ, IMQ + ABX, IMQ + M-ZH, and IMQ + M-ZH + ABX. Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + ABX group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + M-ZH group

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-22 (Cat. #E-EL-M2446, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), TNF-α (Cat. #CSB-E04741m, Cusabio, Wuhan, China), IL-1β (Cat. #CSB-E08054m, Cusabio), and CCL20 (Cat. #CSB-E04668m, Cusabio) were quantified as per the protocols of the manufacturers.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: ZH reduces IMQ-induced inflammatory responses and abnormal proliferation in mice. A Representative spleen images and spleen weight quantification. B Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Ki67 in skin lesions (left panel) and quantification of its AOD (right panel). C qRT-PCR analysis of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 mRNA expression in lesion skin tissues. D ELISA quantification of IL-22, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL20 protein levels in lesion skin tissues. n = 6 (biological replicates). Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. ** P < 0.01 vs. Control group; # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group

Article Snippet: An ELISA kit (Cat. #CSB-E13066m, Cusabio) was used to quantify serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Analysis, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Archives of Microbiology

Article Title: Zhuhuang Granules alleviate psoriatic inflammation via restoring gut microbiota balance and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity

doi: 10.1007/s00203-026-05231-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut microbiota depletion attenuates the therapeutic effects of ZH against IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. A Schematic diagram of the experimental design for antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion and subsequent establishment of the IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis model. B Quantification of fecal bacterial abundance by qPCR to assess the efficacy of antibiotic-mediated gut microbiota depletion. C Representative images of dorsal skin lesions in mice from the indicated groups. D PASI scores for scaling, erythema, thickness, and total scores. E Representative images of spleens (left) and quantification of spleen weight (right). F Representative images of H&E-stained dorsal skin sections (left) and quantification of epidermal thickness (right). G Representative immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 in dorsal skin lesions (left) and quantification of Ki67-positive cells (right). H Relative mRNA expression levels of Il-22 , Il-1β , Tnf-α , and Ccl20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by qPCR. I Protein levels of IL-22, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL20 in dorsal skin lesions determined by ELISA. For panels B, the Control and ABX groups each contained 12 mice before randomization; for panels C-I, mice were randomly allocated into four groups ( n = 6 per group): IMQ, IMQ + ABX, IMQ + M-ZH, and IMQ + M-ZH + ABX. Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed Tukey’s post hoc test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 vs. IMQ group; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + ABX group; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01 vs. IMQ + M-ZH group

Article Snippet: An ELISA kit (Cat. #CSB-E13066m, Cusabio) was used to quantify serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Journal of Diabetes Research

Article Title: The AGEs/RAGE Axis Contributes to Myocardial Cell Death in Type 1 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via the ROS/NF‐ κ B/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

doi: 10.1155/jdr/6438008

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in myocardial tissues of T1DM mice. (a) Representative Western blot images showing the protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase‐1 P20, and N‐GSDMD in myocardial tissues. (b–d) Semiquantitative analysis of the protein expression levels of (b) NLRP3, (c) caspase‐1 P20, and (d) N‐GSDMD. β ‐actin was used as a loading control, n = 6. (e,f) Serum concentration of (e) IL‐1 β and (f) IL‐18 measured by ELISA, n = 6. (g) Representative immunofluorescence images showing ASC speck formation (red) in myocardial tissues. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 20 μ m. (h) Quantification of ASC fluorescence intensity, n = 6.

Article Snippet: ASC (Cat#A1170), N‐GSDMD (Cat# A24476 ), the IL‐1 β (Cat#RK00006), and IL‐18 (Cat# SEKM‐0019) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were from ABclonal (Beijing, China).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Analysis, Control, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Diabetes Research

Article Title: The AGEs/RAGE Axis Contributes to Myocardial Cell Death in Type 1 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via the ROS/NF‐ κ B/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

doi: 10.1155/jdr/6438008

Figure Lengend Snippet: AGEs activate the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in primary cultured cardiomyocytes. (a) Representative Western blot images showing the protein levels of NLRP3, caspase‐1 P20, and N‐GSDMD in cardiomyocytes treated with or without AGEs, n = 4. (b–d) Semiquantitative analysis of (b) NLRP3, (c) caspase‐1 P20, and (d) N‐GSDMD protein expression. β ‐actin was used as a loading control, n = 4. (e,f) Concentration of (e) IL‐1 β and (f) IL‐18 in the cell culture supernatant detected by ELISA, n = 4. (g) Representative immunofluorescence images showing ASC speck formation (red) in cardiomyocytes. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 10 μ m. (h) Quantification of ASC fluorescence intensity, n = 4.

Article Snippet: ASC (Cat#A1170), N‐GSDMD (Cat# A24476 ), the IL‐1 β (Cat#RK00006), and IL‐18 (Cat# SEKM‐0019) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were from ABclonal (Beijing, China).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Western Blot, Analysis, Expressing, Control, Concentration Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Diabetes Research

Article Title: The AGEs/RAGE Axis Contributes to Myocardial Cell Death in Type 1 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via the ROS/NF‐ κ B/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

doi: 10.1155/jdr/6438008

Figure Lengend Snippet: AGEs activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiomyocytes via the RAGE/ROS/NF‐ κ B signaling axis. (a–k) Primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were pretreated with or without the RAGE inhibitor FPS‐ZM1 (20 μ M) or vehicle for 1 h, followed by stimulation with AGEs (200 μ g/mL) for 24 h. (a) Representative Western blots of phospho‐NF‐ κ B p65 (pp65), total NF‐ κ B p65, NLRP3, caspase‐1 P20, and N‐GSDMD. (b–e) Quantitative analysis of the protein levels of (b) pp65/NF‐ κ B p65, (c) NLRP3, (d) caspase‐1 P20, and (e) N‐GSDMD, n = 4. (f,g) Concentrations of (f) I L‐1 β and (g) IL‐18 in the cell culture supernatant were measured by ELISA, n = 4. (h,i) Intracellular ROS levels were detected using the DCFHDA fluorescent probe. (h) Representative fluorescence images. Scale bar, 50 μ m. (i) Quantitative analysis of ROS fluorescence intensity, n = 4. (j,k) ASC oligomerization was assessed by immunofluorescence. (j) Representative images showing ASC specks. Scale bar, 10 μ m. (k) Quantification of ASC fluorescence intensity, n = 4. (l–v) Cardiomyocytes were pretreated with or without the ROS scavenger NAC (10 μ M) or vehicle for 1 h, followed by stimulation with AGEs (200 μ g/mL) for 24 h. (l) Representative immunoblots of the indicated proteins. (m–p) Quantitative analysis of (m) pp65/NF‐ κ B p65, (n) NLRP3, (o) caspase‐1 P20, and (p) N‐GSDMD, n = 4. (q,r) ELISA analysis of (q) IL‐1 β and (r) IL‐18 levels in the supernatant, n = 4. (s,t) Intracellular ROS levels were measured as above. (s) Representative images. Scale bar, 50 μ m. (T) Fluorescence quantification, n = 4. (u,v) Assessment of ASC speck formation. (u) Representative images. Scale bar, 10 μ m. (v) Quantification of ASC fluorescence intensity, n = 4.

Article Snippet: ASC (Cat#A1170), N‐GSDMD (Cat# A24476 ), the IL‐1 β (Cat#RK00006), and IL‐18 (Cat# SEKM‐0019) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were from ABclonal (Beijing, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Analysis, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Journal of Diabetes Research

Article Title: The AGEs/RAGE Axis Contributes to Myocardial Cell Death in Type 1 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via the ROS/NF‐ κ B/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

doi: 10.1155/jdr/6438008

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical association and in vivo characterization of the AGEs/RAGE/NLRP3 inflammasome axis in T1DM cardiomyopathy. (a,b) Analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data (GEO Accession: GSE123658 ) from whole blood samples of T1DM patients and healthy controls. Scatter plots show a significant positive correlation between AGER (RAGE) mRNA expression and transcript levels of (a) IL‐1 β and (b) IL‐18. Pearson′s correlation coefficients ( r ) and p values are indicated in the figure, n = 39. Each point represents an individual subject. (c–f) Protein analysis in myocardial tissues from control and T1DM mice. (c) Representative Western blots showing protein levels of RAGE, NLRP3, and N‐GSDMD. (d) Quantitative analysis of RAGE protein expression normalized to β ‐actin, n = 6. (e,f) Scatter plots showing individual‐level expression of RAGE protein versus (e) NLRP3 and (f) N‐GSDMD in T1DM mouse hearts. Each point represents an individual mouse. A linear trend line is shown to illustrate the overall pattern of the data, n = 6.

Article Snippet: ASC (Cat#A1170), N‐GSDMD (Cat# A24476 ), the IL‐1 β (Cat#RK00006), and IL‐18 (Cat# SEKM‐0019) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were from ABclonal (Beijing, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Analysis, Blood/Plasma/Serum Samples, Expressing, Control, Western Blot

Journal: Journal of Diabetes Research

Article Title: The AGEs/RAGE Axis Contributes to Myocardial Cell Death in Type 1 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via the ROS/NF‐ κ B/NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway

doi: 10.1155/jdr/6438008

Figure Lengend Snippet: NLRP3 is required for AGEs‐induced inflammatory responses in cardiomyocytes. Primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were pretreated with or without the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 (10 μ M) or vehicle for 1 h, followed by stimulation with AGEs (200 μ g/mL) for 24 h. (a) Representative Western blots of NLRP3, caspase‐1 p20, and N‐GSDMD. (b–d) Quantitative analysis of the protein levels of (b) NLRP3, (c) caspase‐1 P20, and (d) N‐GSDMD, n = 4. (e,f) Concentrations of (e) IL‐1 β and (f) IL‐18 in the cell culture supernatant were measured by ELISA, n = 4.

Article Snippet: ASC (Cat#A1170), N‐GSDMD (Cat# A24476 ), the IL‐1 β (Cat#RK00006), and IL‐18 (Cat# SEKM‐0019) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were from ABclonal (Beijing, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Analysis, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay